Contents.
The Culturology Ideas: research works’ collection. Kyiv: Institute for Cultural Research, Academy of Arts of Ukraine, 2016. Issue 10. 248 pp.
Category: Vol 10 No 2 (2016)
The Culturology Ideas, Volume 10 No 2 (2016)
Integrity of a National Cultural Space: an Intrinsic Feature or a Desirable Goal?
Abstract. The article proposes a critical overview of the development of theoretical conceptualization of national culture and national cultural space, based on the concepts of public sphere, civil society, the civilizing process (J. Habermas, J. Kean, N.Elias and others), on theories of nation as a cultural/communicative community (A. Smith, K. Deutsch, B. Anderson and others) which suggest that a nation is a communicative group characterized by unity of its culture as a system of several building blocks (such as language, literature and arts, rites and beliefs, as well as national social, political, economic, cultural institutions) which are supposed to be complimentary. Where such complimentarity (or integrity of sorts) is not achieved, nations tend to fall apart.
This issue is very important for Ukraine, where processes of modern nation-building (and modern national culturebuilding as well) have been much more bumpy than in most European nations. Contemporary globalization, controversial by its nature and characterized by its disjuncture (A. Appadurai), adds still more complications, transforming the very notions of national culture and inter-cultural communication/ and arguably bringing about ‘new feudalization’.
Body Landscape in Contemporary Cultural Field Topicality
Abstract. The representation of body is in the focus of attention of postmodern and post-structural studies characterized by the turn to the phenomenon of embodiment. Body is becoming an object for manipulation, transformation, improvement, and cultivation. All this has brought the body to the forefront of contemporary philosophic thought.
Thus, the purpose of the article is to study the representation of body through the prism of modern models of corporeality that reflect the rising tension between the natural and cultural body and are based on phenomenological and socio-cultural approaches. Although the phenomena of body and embodiment have been in the spotlight of numerous research papers, two main approaches can be outlined: phenomenological (M. Heidegger, E. Husserl, M. Merleau-Ponty, J.Patočka) and socio-cultural (J. Lacan, M. Foucault, J. Kristeva).
For the representatives of the phenomenological approach, body is a general basis for human existence. This idea is, at the same time, a philosophical ground for the socio-cultural approach that regards the body as a participant of social processes in the context of their interrelation and interplay. Within the outlined tradition, I share the views of M. Merleau-Ponty who was the proponent of existential and phenomenological approaches to the problems of body and the discourse of embodiment.
Folklorism as the Phenomenon of Artistic Culture
Abstract. The article carries out cultural analysis of the essence of the concept of folklorism as a phenomenon of artistic culture through the understanding of its historical paradigm, the general features of the main trends of development and influence on the processes of cultural creativity, determines the quality and properties of the phenomenon of typological forms.
It is shown that the definition of folklorism as secondary or derivative forms of culture is used in this sense only in relation to folklore. Secondary to folklore, folklorism is primary, unique, independent phenomenon of the importance of culture. It is proved that the topic under consideration is relevant, requires special attention to research and further research in the cultural thought.
Folklorism — the structural component of the Ukrainian folk art culture with its numerous manifestations. Folklorism as a creative way to mastering method and folklore has a historical background. Formed as a result of individual creativity, passing through centuries in each historical period synchronized with the needs and demands of time.
Axiological Potential of Light and Darkness in the Semantic Field of the Old Testament
Abstract. The article presents a symbolic potential of light and darkness as axioconstructs and axioregulators at the symbolic level of the Old Testament. The peculiarities of light and darkness manifestation as specific cultural sanctions in the mechanism of regulating the ontological continuum of personality were highlighted.
The author determined their role in shaping axioconstants in the field of the Old Testament narrative. The semantics of light and darkness presentation as formative elements and value regulators that are inextricably linked with the process of personalizing an individual — one of the most important anthropological and cultural universals, was considered.
It was found that light and darkness are the active semantic, symbolic and metaphoric, mythopoetic constructs in the numinous field of the Bible which implement the necessity of existence of axial issues of the spiritual anthropology. Within the religious frame of the Old Testament texts light and darkness serve as the basis for a kind of dialogue between axiology and ontology, theology and cultural studies.
Cultural and Philosophic Analysis of the Phenomenon of Feeling in the Context of the “Philosophy of Life”
Abstract. The article is devoted to historical and philosophical aspects of research of feeling in the context of the prominent philosophers’ understanding of culture, history, spirituality and human nature.Historical discourse of feeling issueis analyzed basing on concepts of representatives and precursors of “the philosophy of life”.
The main focus is on works of S. Kierkegaard, F. Nietzsche, W. Diltey. Three stages of human life: aesthetic, ethical, religious (according to S.Kierkegaard) are characterized. The article describes the basic feeling of life, that is, according to Friedrich Nietzsche, the constant need for overcoming antinomies, going beyond oneʼs limits.That is what a real human life should be and not existence of the “last man”.
“Philosophy of life” according to Wilhelm Dilthey should explain life within life itself, providing humanitarian approach to the study of man, based on the principles of historicism, systematization and development. Thus, representatives of the “philosophy of life” and their predecessors have provided experience priority, arguing that thanks to experience life is continuous, holistic and samototozhnym. In the presented experience and integrity of the spiritual life, inner world, the individual and collective psyche.
Institutional Aspects of Art and Institutional Approach in Cultural Studies
Abstract. The article gives an introspective review of the genesis for institutional approach as it is seen both in modern theory of culture and in the philosophy of art and culture in the mid 1970-es in order to recollect and renew the methodology of cultural studies by the means of complex analyze, which includes not only interpretation of cultural phenomena, but also focuses on the social, economic and historical context which can be generalized as institutional aspect of cultural process.
The issue of institutionalism in art as the probable signifier of the artworld’s apperception of art-object, artwork or artefact (and art as is) launched both in theoretic concepts and applied studies concerning cultural production and artistic activity.
Nowadays the issue obtains more accuracy in western humanitarian society despite the attained experience in theoretic and applied studies still proceeds seeking of overall complex definition of following terms: “culture”, “art”, “artwork” and related interpreting and analytic concepts in various approaches.
Culture and Civilisation Analysis of Sources and Literature
Abstract. Making use of culturological methodological tools, the author carries out an analytical overview of basic or typical various sources and literature dealing with the issues relating to culture and civilization. Studies analyzing the notions of ʼcultureʼand ʼcivilizationʼ from the position of comparative culturology have not been found. An attempt is made to formulate the authorʼs definitions of these terms.
Conceptual prospects of the comparative analysis of multicultural practices
Abstract. This article analyzes the difficult conditions of application of multicultural policies in multicultural societies. The authors define the evolution of ideas and ideology of multiculturalism, considering the conceptual perspective of comparative studies of multicultural practices.
Introduction. Today the controversial and even dangerous relationships among different countries of the contemporary global civilization determine the need of constant scientific attention from scholars who investigate the problematics of peaceful co-existence and of organization of peaceful social order.
The fundamental humanitarian idea of “eternal peaceˮ which was a dream of I. Kant, became the important cognitive principle in modern social sciences. But it is well-known that different attempts to realize this idea in the form of the specific peace-making policy demonstrate some difficulties because in the contemporary democratic societies
M. Semenkoʼs Culturological Conception
Abstract. Mykhaylo Semenko is a poet, founder and theoretician of Ukrainian futurism. In the poetic art he was very interesting author. In his poems he looked for new forms, images and methods of expression. In this way he was like P. Tychyna in Ukrainian literature and like V. Mayakovsky and V. Khlebnikov in Russian literature.
The activity of Mykhaylo Semenko was based not only on art and poetry. As an active proponent of futurism, Semenkofounded several Ukrainian futurist organizations and journals. He was interested in ways of building new art and cultureafter Bolshevik Revolution. He published many theoretical articles with researces of these problems.
His best known articlesabout this themes are: “Art as a cult” (March 1924) and “To the formulation of the question about using Leninism on the third ront” (November 1924), “Pan-Futurism (the art of transitional period)” (1922), “Some effects of destruction”(1922).