The Zodiac Signs in Archaic Symbols, Myth and in Ornaments of National Towels

Abstract. The zodiac zone is a narrow strip of the star sky, in which seven classical planets (from Mercury up to Saturn), including the Sun an d the Moon, carry out their cycles. In formation of 13 signs of the Zodiac that appeared in archaic symbolics, the main role belonged to the Sun and the Moon.
At the first stage an annual cycle of the Sun was divided into a 28-dayʼs cycle of the Moon, therefore 13 signs were formed. (364:28=13). Later, it is probable already in Babylon, when the circle has been accepted as 360 degrees, the star zone has been divided into 12 signs on the zodiac (on 30 degrees to each sign).
For understanding of archaic designations of the Zodiac signs, the important role is given to division of 13 (12) signs between two group of sevens gods — planets. This division is caused by two factors: 1) 13 (12) the Zodiac signs should be correlated with a pantheon of ancient people which consisted of seven gods (i.e. to share between gods); 2) annual cycle of the Sun divided into summer and winter year half-cycles, that as assumed the signs division into summer and winter ones.